Mexican Cuisine
Before we delve into the world of Mexican cuisine, let us be clear on how it differs from Tex-Mex cuisine. Tex-Mex incorporates imported spices such as cumin, a lot of melted cheese and ground beef in addition to Mexican style beans, spices and tortillas. Dishes like chili con carne, chili gravy and fajitas are Tex-Mex inventions. A very common method of serving Tex-Mex food is on a combination plate that will include tortillas, chili con carne, chili gravy, salsa, beans and lots of cheese. Mexican food is not served in this manner.
Authentic Mexican food is derived from Aztec cuisine, which was based largely upon corn, beans, chiles, tomatoes and herbs. There are many other indigenous plants native to the area that became part of the regular diet, including the cacao bean, vanilla bean, avocado, guava, papaya, sweet potato, peanuts, turkey and fish. It was not until the Spanish conquistadors invaded the region that different animals were introduced. Cattle, chicken, goats, sheep and pigs were brought over, along with rice, wheat, barley, olive oil, almonds, and parsley. At the time, the Aztec and Mayan empires were using the cacao bean to make drinking chocolate by roasting, grinding and mixing it with chiles and the vanilla bean.
There is a significant regional difference between traditional dishes in Mexico. The climate and geography play a role, as well as ethnic differences. Depending on how strongly the Spanish influenced the population, the food preparation habits change. For example the northern regions of Mexico are known for their beef and goat meat. Southeastern Mexico has a reputation for spicy vegetables, seafood and chicken-based dishes. Many people see a profound Caribbean influence in dishes from this area. The Yucatan peninsula is home to dishes that emphasize sweet rather than spice. Honey is widely used in Mexico, both in beverages and desserts. If you are looking for dishes that have are prepared in an authentic Mayan or Aztec way, go to the small villages or Pueblos. Traditional dishes often incorporate more exotic ingredients such as iguana, rattlesnake, spider monkey, ant eggs and grasshoppers.
When living in the US or Canada, it is sometimes hard to know what is truly Mexican and what is Tex-Mex food. Very often restaurants claiming they serve Mexican food are really offering a watered down version of a Texan dish. If you are yearning for something truly Mexican, here are few dishes you can make at home.
‘Taco de harina’ or burrito, consists of a wheat flour tortilla wrapped around a filling of refried beans or meat. A truly Mexican burrito is small, hand held, and contains only the two ingredients.
‘Tamales’ are made from a corn based dough, filled with a sweet or savoury filling, wrapped in corn husks or plantian leaves and steamed until firm. The leaves are removed before consuming. These are a favorite comfort food in Mexico and can be dated back to the Aztec culture.
‘Chalupa’ is a platter of tostadas with toppings. Many people refer to Chalupa as Mexican pizza. A thin layer of masa dough is deep fried to make it crisp. The tostada is then filled with chicken, corn, onion, chipolte and salsa. A Tex-Mex version would include beef, cheese, lettuce and sour cream.
For dessert, consider ‘cajeta’. It is most authentically made from sweetened caramelized milk, but juice or goat’s milk can also be used. It is made by simmering the sweetened milk while stirring frequently and until the substance is very thick. Adding a liquor is common, as well as using it as a topping for chicken or seafood.
Mexican food is very indicative of its roots in the Aztec and Mayan cultures. Ingredients are unprocessed and straight from the earth, therefore allowing the natural flavors to speak. As North Americans, we are used to ready-made flavors, but in Mexico, the cuisine is genuine, comforting, and simple. On your next visit, try some new dishes and see if you can recognize the link back to the ancient cultures.
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